OSI modeli (7 qatlam)
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About me
Python
Python
001. Birinchi modul
001. Birinchi modul
Pythonda birinchi dasturimiz
O'zgaruvchilar
Ma'lumot turlari
Operatorlar
Izohlar
Ekrandan ma'lumot kiritish
Matematik kutubxona
Vazifalar
002. Ikkinchi modul
002. Ikkinchi modul
Matnlar: strings
Mantiqiy toifalar: Booleans
If, else operatori
Vazifalar
003. Uchinchi modul
003. Uchinchi modul
For sikl operatori
While sikl operatori
Break va Continue
pass haqida
Vazifalar
004. To'rtinchi modul
004. To'rtinchi modul
Ro'yxatlar
Kortej
Set
Lug'atlar
005. Beshinchi modul
005. Beshinchi modul
Funksiyalar
Lambda: Nomsiz funksiya
Modullar
Misollar
006. Oltinchi modul
006. Oltinchi modul
OOP
Class va object
Object va method
Class method
Static method
Property
Vorislik: inheritance
Vazifalar
007. Yettinchi modul
007. Yettinchi modul
Pythonning standart kutibxonalari: os, sys, datetime...
Vazifalar
Json bilan ishlash
Xatolarni boshqarish: try...except
Tashqi so'rovlar: requests
Vazifalar
008. To'qqizinchi modul
008. To'qqizinchi modul
Fayllar bilan ishlash: open
Fayllar bilan ishlash: write
Fayllar bilan ishlash: read
Fayllar bilan ishlash: delete
Vazifalar
009. Python advanced
009. Python advanced
Sync va Async
Telegram bot
Telegram bot
001. BotFather bilan tanishuv
002. Python muhitini sozlash
003. Hello world
004. Polling va Webhook
005. Telegram message
006. Xabarga javob berish(reply)
007. Xabarlarni formatlash(parse mode)
008. Xabar turlari(text, photo)
009. Rasm yuborish
010. Fayl yuborish
011. Video va Audio xabar yuborish
012. Manzil(location) yuborish
013. Xabarni taxrirlash(edit message)
014. Klavyatura(keyboard)
015. Inline klavyatura(inline keyboard)
016. Manzil olish(location)
017. Telefon raqamni ulashish (contact)
Database
Database
Relatsion ma'lumotlar ombori
Relatsion ma'lumotlar ombori
MOBT(DBMS) nima va uning vazifalari
Relatsion model nima?
Jadval, satr, ustun tushunchasi
Asosiy va tashqi kalit
Normallashtirish formalari (1NF, 2NF, 3NF)
Saqlash mexanizmi
Saqlash mexanizmi
Ma'lumotlar diskda qanday saqlanadi?
Page va Block tushunchasi
Page layout qanday ishlaydi?
Row format
Disk I/O va Database ishlashi
Buffer Pool nima?
Indexlar
Indexlar
Index nima va nima uchun kerak?
B-Tree index qanday ishlaydi?
Clustered vs Non-Clustered Index
Composite Index
Covering Index
Transactions va Concurrency
Transactions va Concurrency
Transaction nima?
ACID: Ishonchning 4 ustuni
Isolation darajalari
Dirty Read, Non-repeatable Read, Phantom Read
Locking qanday ishlaydi?
MVCC nima?
Deadlock qanday yuz beradi?
Qayta tiklash
Qayta tiklash
Write Ahead Log (WAL)
Checkpoint nima?
Crash Recovery qanday ishlaydi?
So'rovlarni qayta ishlash
So'rovlarni qayta ishlash
SQL qanday ishlaydi?
SELECT so'rovi qanday bajariladi?
JOIN qanday ishlaydi?
Query planner nima?
Execution plan nima?
Kengayish
Kengayish
Replication nima?
Partitioning nima?
Sharding nima?
CAP teoremasi
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL nima va qachon ishlatiladi?
PostgreSQL arxitekturasi
Process va Memory modeli
WAL va Crash Recovery
MVCC PostgreSQL'da
Indekslar: B-Tree va Hash
Query planner va execution plan
VACUUM va Autovacuum
Locking va Concurrency
Replication va High Availability
Partitioning
Performance
Go
Go
001. Birinchi dasturimiz
002. O'zgaruvchilar
003. Operatorlar
004. Konsoldan ma'lumot kiritish
005. Matematik misollar
006. Shart operatori(if, else, if else)
007. Tanlash operatori(switch case)
008. Sikl operatori(for loop)
009. Misollar
010. Strings funksiyalari
011. Array ma'lumot turi va Make
012. Slice ma'lumot turi
013. Map ma'lumot turi
014. Ko'rsatkichlar(pointers)
015. Funksiyalar
015. Funksiyalar
Funksiyalar
Funksiya va ko'rsatkichlar
016. Structs, Interface, Method
016. Structs, Interface, Method
Structs
Method
Interface
017. Enums
018. Generics
019. defer, panic va errors
020. Tashqi kutubxonalar(packages)
021. Goda modullar
022. Concurrency and Parallalism
022. Concurrency and Parallalism
Parallel dasturlash
Goroutine
Wait group
023. Channels
023. Channels
Kirish
Turlari
Select
WorkerPool
024. Mutex
025. Goda sana va vaqt bilan ishlash
026. Fayllar bilan ishlash
026. Fayllar bilan ishlash
Fayllar
Kataloglar
Embed
027. Go standart paketlari
027. Go standart paketlari
Random paketi
Hashing(md5, base64 ...)
RegEx
Environment o'zgaruvchilari
028. Go da API va so'rovlar
028. Go da API va so'rovlar
Web server nima?
API nima?
API ga so'rov yuborish
029. Go'da API qurish (server tomoni)
029. Go'da API qurish (server tomoni)
net/http paketining tuzilishi
http.HandleFunc va http.ListenAndServe
ResponseWriter va *Request obyektlari
URL routing
URL va query parametrlar bilan ishlash
Loyiha: CRUD
Middleware
Middleware
Logging
Logging middleware
Request timing va error handler middleware
Handlerlarni modullarga ajratish (clean architecture)
JSON bilan Ishlash
JSON bilan Ishlash
encoding/json asoslari
Request body parsing
Response struct formatlash
Validation (go-playground/validator)
Xatoliklarni standart formatda qaytarish
Ma'lumotlar Bazasi
Ma'lumotlar Bazasi
Ma'lumotlar Bazasi va Xavfsiz So‘rovlar
PostgreSQL bilan bog‘lanish (pgx / database/sql)
Context bilan ishlash
SQL Injection oldini olish
Parollarni xeshlash (bcrypt)
Config va .env bilan ishlash
Authentication
Authentication
Authentication — From Scratch
Authentication nima?
Session va Token-based auth farqi
Login / Signup endpointlari
JWT yaratish va tekshirish
Auth middleware yozish
Authorization
Authorization
Authorization — Access nazorati
Authorization nima?
RBAC
Resource-based permission modeli
Middleware orqali ruxsat tekshirish
401, 403 va 500 statuslar
Routing (gorilla/mux)
Routing (gorilla/mux)
gorilla/mux bilan Routing"
Framework kerakmi?
mux bilan router yaratish
Path parametrlari
Subroutes
Middleware integratsiyasi
Gin Framework
Gin Framework
gin Framework bilan Tezkor API Yaratish
gin arxitekturasi
Request binding
JWT middleware
Error handling
Performance
HTTPS va TLS
HTTPS va TLS
HTTPS va TLS
HTTPS nima
Self-signed sertifikat
TLS konfiguratsiyasi
Let's Encrypt
HTTP → HTTPS majburlash
Xavfsizlik
Xavfsizlik
Xavfsizlik Tahdidlari va Himoya
CSRF & XSS
Input sanitizatsiyasi
Brute-force himoya
Rate limiting (Redis)
Security headers & CORS
System Design
System Design
Kompyuter Asoslari
Kompyuter Asoslari
Kompyuter qanday ishlaydi?
CPU (Markaziy protsessor)
RAM (Tezkor xotira)
Doimiy xotira(Disk)
Operatsion tizim (OS), Process, Thread, Scheduling
Web: Internet, IP, Domain, DNS
Client-Server Arxitekturasi
Request va Response modeli
Tarmoq Asoslari va HTTP
Tarmoq Asoslari va HTTP
OSI modeli
IP protokoli
TCP
UDP
TCP va UDP
HTTP protokoli
API Dizayni
API Dizayni
REST API
GraphQL
WebSockets
gRPC va RPC
Masshtablash va samaradorlik
Masshtablash va samaradorlik
Vertikal va gorizontal kengayish
Stateful va Stateless arxitektura
Load Balancer
CDN (Content Delivery Network)
Avto kengayish
Rate Limiting va Throttling
Ma'lumotlar omborlari
Ma'lumotlar omborlari
Ma'lumotlar ombori nima?
Transaction va ACID
Relatsion ma'lumotlar ombori
Indexlar va Query Optimizer
Replication va Sharding
NoSQL ma'lumotlar ombori
Graph va Time-series ma'lumotlar ombori
Caching(TTL, E-Tag, Jitter, eventual consistency
Asynchronous va Event-driven tizimlar
Asynchronous va Event-driven tizimlar
Event-driven tizim
Message queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ)
Pub/Sub
Monitoring va Observability
Monitoring va Observability
Logging, Metrics, Tracing
Alerting va SLA/SLO
DSA
DSA
Algoritm
Kompyuter
Big-O
Array
String
Linked list
Rekursiya
Hashlash
Stack
Queue
Graflar
Tarmoq
Tarmoq
1. Networking asoslari
1. Networking asoslari
Kompyuter tarmog‘i nima?
Tarmoq turlari (LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN)
Tarmoq topologiyalari (Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh)
OSI modeli (7 qatlam)
TCP/IP modeli
IP manzillash (IPv4, IPv6)
Subnetting asoslari
Subnetting asoslari
CIDR
Subnet mask hisoblash
MAC manzil
Portlar va protokollar
Portlar va protokollar
Portlar va protokollarga kirish
Well-known portlar
Registered portlar
Dynamic port diapazoni
Public va Private IP
2. Protokollar va aloqa
2. Protokollar va aloqa
TCP va UDP
TCP va UDP
Streaming, DNS va o‘yinlar uchun UDP
Fayl uzatish va API uchun TCP
TCP chuqur tushunish
TCP chuqur tushunish
3 bosqichli handshake (SYN → SYN-ACK → ACK)
Ulanishni yopish (FIN/ACK)
Sliding Window
Flow Control
Congestion Control
Slow Start
TCP Reno
TCP Cubic
TCP BBR
MTU
MSS
Fragmentatsiya
HTTP va HTTPS
HTTP va HTTPS
HTTP
HTTPS
HTTP evolyutsiyasi
HTTP evolyutsiyasi
HTTP/1.1
HTTP/2 va multiplexing
HTTP/3, QUIC va UDP
FTP
SMTP
POP3
IMAP
DNS record turlari
DNS record turlari
A record
AAAA record
MX record
CNAME record
TXT record
NS record
DHCP
ARP
ICMP
ICMP
ping
traceroute
3. Tarmoq qurilmalari va vositalari
3. Tarmoq qurilmalari va vositalari
Tarmoq qurilmalari
Tarmoq qurilmalari
Modem
Router
Switch
Hub
Firewall
NAT
Load Balancer
Proxy server
Reverse Proxy
Tarmoq interfeysi kartasi (NIC)
Buyruq qatori vositalari
Buyruq qatori vositalari
ping
netstat
traceroute
ipconfig
ifconfig
nslookup
dig
nmap
curl -v
Paketlarni tahlil qilish vositalari
Paketlarni tahlil qilish vositalari
Wireshark
4. Tarmoq xizmatlari
4. Tarmoq xizmatlari
DNS qidiruvi va resolution jarayoni
DNS qidiruvi va resolution jarayoni
Recursive DNS qidiruvi
Iterative DNS qidiruvi
DHCP lease jarayoni
DHCP lease jarayoni
Discover
Offer
Request
Acknowledge
NAT (Network Address Translation)
Port forwarding
VPN asoslari
CDN (Content Delivery Network)
QoS (Quality of Service)
IPv4 manzillari tugashi va IPv6 afzalliklari
5. Tarmoq xavfsizligi asoslari
5. Tarmoq xavfsizligi asoslari
Shifrlash: SSL/TLS
HTTPS va sertifikatlar (PKI)
HTTPS va sertifikatlar (PKI)
TLS handshake bosqichlari
Firewall va access control
IDS / IPS
DoS / DDoS hujumlari
MITM hujumlari
VPN va tunneling protokollari
Zero Trust Network Architecture
Rate Limiting va API Gateway
Xavfsizlik bo‘yicha eng yaxshi amaliyotlar
6. Murakkab va real tizimlarga oid mavzular
6. Murakkab va real tizimlarga oid mavzular
WebSocket va HTTP
Server-Sent Events (SSE)
gRPC va HTTP/2
CDN ichki ishlash mexanizmi
CDN ichki ishlash mexanizmi
Edge va Origin serverlar
Keshni yangilash va bekor qilish
Anycast, Unicast va Multicast
Traffic Shaping va Throttling
Latency va Bandwidth
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
Load Balancing algoritmlari
Load Balancing algoritmlari
Round Robin
Least Connections
Weighted algoritmi
IP Hash
7. Cloud va DevOps networking
7. Cloud va DevOps networking
VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)
Subnetlar
Subnetlar
Public subnet
Private subnet
Route Table va Internet Gateway
Security Group va Network ACL
Kubernetes networking
Kubernetes networking
Service
Ingress
kube-proxy
CNI pluginlari
CNI pluginlari
Calico
Flannel
Cilium
Service Mesh
Service Mesh
Istio
Linkerd
Service Discovery
Cloud Load Balancerlar
Hybrid tarmoqlar va VPC Peering
Private connectivity
Private connectivity
AWS PrivateLink
Transit Gateway
Boshqa cloud platformalaridagi analoglar
Tarmoq monitoringi va observability
Tarmoq monitoringi va observability
Prometheus
Grafana
Cloud-native monitoring vositalari
8. Socket dasturlash
8. Socket dasturlash
Socket nima va qanday ishlaydi?
TCP echo server
TCP echo server
Python yordamida TCP echo server
Node.js yordamida TCP echo server
UDP socket bilan ishlash
Client-server modelini kod darajasida tushunish
9. Amaliy mashg‘ulotlar
9. Amaliy mashg‘ulotlar
Uy tarmog‘i laboratoriyasi
Uy tarmog‘i laboratoriyasi
Virtual uy tarmog‘i laboratoriyasi
Real uy tarmog‘i laboratoriyasi
Wireshark yordamida paketlarni kuzatish
Oddiy HTTP server yaratish va curl bilan test qilish
curl -v bilan TLS handshake jarayonini kuzatish
Cloudflare’da DNS recordlar yaratish
WireGuard yordamida VPN sozlash
OpenVPN yordamida VPN sozlash
Nginx yordamida Reverse Proxy sozlash
Docker networking
Docker networking
Bridge network
Host network
Overlay network
iperf yordamida TCP/UDP trafikni tekshirish
TCP echo server yozish va test qilish
TCP echo server yozish va test qilish
Python
Node.js
Docker Compose’da mikroservislar networkingini sozlash
Linux
Linux
01. Operatsion tizim
01. Operatsion tizim
Kompyuter va operatsion tizim
Linux: dunyoni boshqarayotgan tizim
Linux: dunyoni boshqarayotgan tizim. 2-qism
Linux: dunyoni boshqarayotgan tizim. 3-qism
Linux distributivlari
Linuxni o'rnatish
02. Shell va terminal
02. Shell va terminal
Shell va Bash qanday ishlaydi?
Buyruq sintaksisi va yordam hujjatlari
Fayl va katalog buyruqlari
Matn fayllarini ko‘rish
Terminal matn muharrirlari: Nano va Vim
Aliaslar va muhit o‘zgaruvchilari
03. Matn, qidiruv va oqimlar
03. Matn, qidiruv va oqimlar
Fayl va matnni qidirish
Oqimlar, pipe va redirection
Matnni qayta yozish: sed va awk
Arxivlash va siqish: tar, gzip, zip
04. Linux fayl tizimi modeli
04. Linux fayl tizimi modeli
Disk va fayl tizimi asoslari
Linux fayl tizimi iyerarxiyasi
Yo‘llar va fayl turlari
Qattiq va ramziy havolalar
Fayl tizimini ulash (mount)
05. Foydalanuvchilar, guruhlar va ruxsatlar
05. Foydalanuvchilar, guruhlar va ruxsatlar
Foydalanuvchilar va guruhlar
Fayl ruxsatlari (rwx)
Egalik (ownership)
Maxsus ruxsatlar (SUID, SGID, Sticky)
umask
root va sudo
Ruxsatlar xavfsizligi
06. Process va tizim resurslari
06. Process va tizim resurslari
Dasturlar va processlar
Processlarni kuzatish
Process xotirasi
Process prioriteti
Signallar va process boshqaruvi
Foreground va background jobs
/proc fayl tizimi
07. Paketlar va dasturiy ta'minotni boshqarish
07. Paketlar va dasturiy ta'minotni boshqarish
Paketlarni boshqarish asoslari
apt va repozitoriylar
dpkg va bog‘liqliklar
Snap paketlari
Production’da yangilanishlar
RPM, YUM va DNF (RHEL oilasi)
08. Boot, kernel va systemd
08. Boot, kernel va systemd
Boot jarayoni va GRUB
Kernel modullari
init va systemd
systemd unitlari va targetlari
Xizmatlarni boshqarish
O‘z systemd xizmatini yaratish
Backend ilovani xizmat sifatida
journalctl
systemd troubleshooting
Rescue va emergency mode
Vaqt zonasi va locale sozlamalari
09. Loglar, monitoring va troubleshooting
09. Loglar, monitoring va troubleshooting
Linux loglari
Tizim loglari va dmesg
Loglarni tahlil qilish
Resurslar bo‘yicha troubleshooting
Troubleshooting jarayoni
10. Networking asoslari
11. Linux network administratsiyasi
11. Linux network administratsiyasi
IP va routing vositalari
DHCP klient va server asoslari
DNS vositalari
NetworkManager va netplan
NTP server va chronyd sozlamalari
Tarmoq diagnostikasi
12. SSH va masofaviy boshqaruv
12. SSH va masofaviy boshqaruv
SSH asoslari
SSH kalit autentifikatsiyasi
SSH konfiguratsiyasi
SSH-agent va host tekshiruvi
scp va rsync
SSH tunneling
SSH hardening
13. Disk, filesystem, LVM va storage
13. Disk, filesystem, LVM va storage
Disklar va block qurilmalar
Bo‘limlar (partitions)
RAID (mdadm)
LVM asoslari
LVM: hajmni o‘zgartirish va snapshot
LUKS disk shifrlash
Fayl tizimi turlari
Swap fayl va partition
mount va umount
fstab
NFS va autofs
Disk kvotalari
Disk bandligi (disk usage)
Disk to‘lganda troubleshooting
14. Bash scripting
14. Bash scripting
Bash skript asoslari
O‘zgaruvchilar va argumentlar
Shartlar va sikllar
Funksiyalar
Exit kodlari va xatolarni boshqarish
Loyiha: backup skripti
Loyiha: healthcheck skripti
Loyiha: log tozalash skripti
15. Scheduling, backup va automation
15. Scheduling, backup va automation
cron asoslari
crontab va system cron
cron muhiti va loglari
systemd timer: cron'ga muqobil
Backup avtomatlashtirish
16. Linux security
16. Linux security
Linux xavfsizligi asoslari
Eng kam imtiyoz (least privilege)
sudo xavfsizligi
PAM asoslari
Parol siyosatlari
SELinux va AppArmor
Firewall va UFW
iptables va nftables
fail2ban
auditd
Ruxsatlar auditi
Xavfsizlik loglarini tahlil qilish
Serverni mustahkamlash (hardening)
17. Virtualizatsiya, containerlar va DevOps
17. Virtualizatsiya, containerlar va DevOps
Linux containerlari
Namespaces va cgroups
Docker va Podman: amaliy ishlash
Linux CI/CD’da
Linux bulutda (cloud)
Infrastructure as Code asoslari
Monitoring, logging va automation
DevOps: keyingi qadamlar
18. Web server va backend deployment
18. Web server va backend deployment
Linux web ilova modeli
Nginx asoslari
Statik fayllar
Reverse proxy
Portlar, firewall va SSL
Muhit va ilova loglari
Loyiha: backend deployment lab
19. LFCS amaliy mashqlar (labs)
19. LFCS amaliy mashqlar (labs)
Ruxsatlar labi
Foydalanuvchilarni boshqarish labi
Xizmatlarni boshqarish labi
Loglarni tahlil qilish labi
Tarmoq troubleshooting labi
SSH konfiguratsiya labi
cron automation labi
Disk bandligi labi
Bash healthcheck labi
Nginx reverse proxy labi
Troubleshooting stsenariylari
Blog
OSI modeli (7 qatlam)